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Nov 29 , 2025.

The volume of indoor solid fuel, measured in micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m³), used by households in Addis Abeba in a day. A 24-hour average indoor concentration above 1,100 µg/m³ is an extreme pollution level, exceeding the WHO guideline by more than 100 times. In global comparative studies of biomass-dependent rural households, sustained levels above 800 and 900 µg/m³ are rare. Experts warn that, for an urban metropolis with partial electrification, this figure reaches crisis levels.


PUBLISHED ON Nov 29,2025 [ VOL 26 , NO 1335]

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