International coffee prices hit a record high after 47 years last week, sending ripple effects on the Ethiopian growers and exporters. Arabica coffee hit a high of 3.44 dollars per pound before cooling to 3.28 dollars, marking a marked 75.92pc increase from the previous year. These soaring prices, last witnessed when coffee reached 3.35 dollars per pound in 1977.

While hoping to benefit from the historic surge in global coffee prices, growers and exporters have expressed anxiety.

A decline of production in major coffee-exporting countries like Vietnam and Brazil has primarily caused the price hikes. Vietnam, the world's leading producer of Robusta coffee, is grappling with heavy rains that threaten to flood coffee fields and disrupt the harvest season. Vietnam reported a 20pc drop in coffee production for the 2023/24 crop year, the lowest in four years, due to drought.

Brazil, the world’s largest producer, is also facing a severe climate change that devastated the country’s coffee production. The country has experienced the driest weather in over four decades.

The Brazilian crop forecasting agency, National Supply Company (CONAB) has slashed its 2024 coffee production forecast to 54.8 million 60-kilogram-bags from its May prediction of 58.8 million bags. Rainfall in Brazil has consistently fallen below average since April, impacting coffee trees during their critical flowering stage and diminishing prospects for the 2025-26 Arabica coffee crop.

Ethiopian exporters expressed eagerness to benefit from the historic price surge. Ibrahim Hussen, a coffee grower and exporter enthused as he gears up to join the market in January when new produce becomes available. "The high demand in the market has made the trade attractive for me," he said.

Having already sold his old crop, Ibrahim enthusiastically awaits the arrival of new beans. With a 205-hectare farm yielding nine containers of export coffee, he exports up to 50 containers annually including other farms’ produce.

Not all share Ibrahim's optimism. Dejene Dadi, general manager of the Oromia Coffee Farmers’ Cooperative Union (OCFCU) cautions the price hike. "The big markets of America and Europe are not in the market to buy," he said. He argues that anxieties about the volatile market have led to a decrease in demand.

Dejene stated that massive finances are required to purchase coffee in bulk to better benefit from the global market. The union has already secured contracts from foreign buyers. "We have contracts that will enable us to sell our certified coffee for 4.5 dollars per pound, up from the previous 3.5 dollars per pound," he told Fortune.

The Ethiopian Coffee & Tea Authority (ECTA) projects coffee exports to generate over 2 billion dollars in revenue in the current fiscal year. In October 2024 alone 35,172tn of coffee was exported, earning 155.53 million dollars. This represents a 75pc increase in volume and a 66pc increase in revenue compared to the same period last year. ECTA reports that nearly 150,347tn of coffee were exported in the first four months of the fiscal year, generating 674.55 million dollars.

Tatek Girma, an export manager at Stella Plus Trading Plc, acknowledges the potential impact of the current price surge on green coffee buyers and exporters. "Buyers might be hesitant to purchase at these higher prices and prefer to wait until prices stabilize," he said. He fears that this hesitation could impact exporters and producers who may face reduced demand and market uncertainty. Tatek says volatility of coffee prices makes it challenging to predict future trends accurately.

He worries that rising prices could affect his company's profit margins. If prices continue to rise, buyers might become hesitant and this would diminish the sales volume, according to Tatek. “While demand remains strong, the uncertainty around price stability might lead buyers to wait."