Breaking Stereotypes, Redefining Masculinity for a Just Society

A recent altercation in my neighbourhood has made me reflect on the complexities of conflict, especially among women. While I have never been involved in a physical fight, I have often vented my anger through shouting rather than aggression. This incident, however, highlighted a different form of conflict and challenged my perspective on female disputes.

The fight started over a minor disagreement between a homeowner and her domestic worker. The worker’s refusal to clean the house before leaving her job escalated into a physical confrontation. What stood out to me was how quickly the situation intensified and how additional parties got involved.

The domestic worker, backed by her guarantor and a friend, outnumbered the homeowner, resulting in a one-sided assault. This imbalance of power is common in conflicts where one party feels marginalised or unheard. The involvement of the homeowner’s husband and a relative further escalated the situation, turning a private disagreement into a chaotic brawl involving multiple people.

The husband and relative’s reaction, slapping one of the women in the presence of police officers, was particularly disturbing. The husband’s anger, though understandable given his wife’s injuries, was expressed in a way that contradicted the principle he likely upheld: that men should never lay hands on women. The domestic worker responded accusing the husband of weakness for striking a woman.

The relative’s aggressive and threatening behaviour further inflamed the situation, creating a volatile atmosphere. In tense moments like these, emotions can spiral out of control, leading to irrational actions and escalating conflicts beyond resolution.

The incident reflects a mindset where individuals feel above the law and take matters into their own hands. Anger is natural for everyone, men and women alike, but men must make a conscious effort to stay calm and walk away when tempers flare. Striking someone is never acceptable under any circumstances.

While progress has been made toward gender equality, a long journey remains ahead. Society must now collectively work toward fostering a more positive and constructive form of masculinity. This requires a fundamental shift in societal expectations and a conscious effort to redefine what it means to be a man.

Traditionally, masculinity has been tied to aggression, dominance, and emotional suppression. This narrow definition has limited men and reinforced harmful gender stereotypes, perpetuating cycles of violence and inequality.

Instead of clinging to outdated notions, society must promote a new vision of masculinity where men are partners, collaborators, and allies to women. This involves creating an environment where men can express emotions, seek help, and embrace vulnerability without fear of judgment.

Society needs to challenge toxic masculinity, which glorifies aggression and dismisses empathy and compassion. Ridiculing men for showing kindness, gentleness, or respect reinforces harmful stereotypes. These qualities should be celebrated as strengths, not weaknesses.

Cultivating positive masculinity benefits everyone. When men break free from harmful stereotypes, they can contribute to a more just and compassionate society.

Though I did not speak with the homeowner, my sympathy lay with the domestic worker and her friends. I saw the men striking and threatening the women, while the domestic worker and her friends seemed to be defending themselves. This incident reflects a troubling reality: some employers withhold wages from domestic workers for months, not due to financial hardship but indifference. (I am not claiming this was the case here.) This behaviour is deeply unfair.

While it is true that some domestic workers have committed wrongdoings over the years, we must not forget that they have long endured mistreatment and exploitation.

Embryonic EV Industry Crumbles as Imports Dominate Market

Ethiopia’s electric vehicle (EV) industry is under pressure from import competition, rising taxes, and unclear policies. Assemblers cite high taxes, foreign exchange instability, lack of financing, and insufficient insurance as major problems.

The Ethiopian Automobile Industries Association (EAIA) recently submitted complaints to the ministries of Finance and Industry about tariff hikes. Taxes on completely knocked down (CKD) vehicles have increased from five percent to 25pc, while semi-knocked down (SKD) tariffs have risen from 15pc to 35pc. A new 10pc surtax has added to their burdens.

Masresha Fikade, EAIA’s general manager, criticised the tax increases and customs inspections that risk damaging spare parts. He called on the Ministry of Industry (MoI) to provide incentives for local assemblers. Masresha also blamed the entry of low-quality imported cars on the absence of a clear automobile policy.

Besufikad Shewaye, CEO of Belayneh Kinde Metal Engineering, states that EV assemblers have faced a threat from by foreign competitors. His company, which assembles city buses, minibuses, and heavy trucks, employs over 360 people and has partnerships with brands like IVECO and Golden Brand. Despite a production capacity of 1,000 passenger cars and 700 heavy trucks, only 500 trucks and 700 cars have been produced in six months.

Besufikad says that the five percent customs duty gap between EV assemblers and importers is insufficient to offset the higher production costs faced by local manufacturers. “We still have financial difficulties,” he said.

Belayab Motors, another EV assembler, has the capacity to produce 1,500 to 3,000 vehicles annually but currently assembles only 550 to 750 due to competition from imports. The company, offering over 10 EV models, finds the five percent customs gap inadequate and is considering shifting to imports.

The Association has urged the Ministry of Industry to address the minimal customs duty gap, arguing that high production costs require stronger support.

Mesayneh Wubshet, import substitution head at the MoI, noted that fuel-powered car assembly remains the industry’s main focus, as fuel-powered imports are banned. “However, local electric vehicle production has fallen short of expectations, leading to continued imports,” he said.

Although EV importers pay five percent customs duties while assemblers are exempt, local manufacturers argue the minimal gap offers little advantage. Many demand stronger support to remain competitive in the market.

The Ministry of Finance (MoF), in collaboration with stakeholders, has conducted research to boost electric vehicle (EV) adoption and support local assemblers, according to Gosa Tefera, director of tax incentives at the MoF. Following this, the Ethiopian Customs Commission (ECC) updated import levies.

The government says that there is a lack of competition in the fuel-powered vehicle market, leading to tax hikes.

Gosa stated that the tax increases were formulated after consultations with stakeholders, including industry ministers and customs. Gosa says that assemblers also benefit from tax holidays, with two-year exemptions in Addis Abeba and four years in other regions. Government offices are encouraged to purchase vehicles from local manufacturers, according to him.

Assemblers have also criticised the relaxation of pre-qualification requirements, such as garage checks, which they believe undermine quality standards.

On the import side, Biniyam Mengesha, marketing director of Markon Car Import, noted that his company, with over 12 years of experience, transitioned to EVs after the ban on gasoline-powered cars. Markon offers hybrid and electric vehicles in three price ranges and plans to begin local assembly.

Semereab Serkebirhan, a senior executive at O’Clock Motors Plc and vice chairman of the EAIA, argues that local EV assemblers face competition from large foreign manufacturers and importers due to their limited production capacity.

According to the Ministry of Industry (MoI), the assembly sector is growing, with 21,800 vehicles locally assembled in the 2023/24 fiscal year, including 2,061 EVs. However, imported EVs continue to dominate the market, with 25,000 imported in the first six months of the current fiscal year.

Menalem Haris, head of vehicles manufacturing research and development at the MoI, revealed that there are 30 vehicle assemblers, including three exclusively assembling EVs, eight producing both EVs and fuel-powered cars, and 19 focused solely on fuel-powered vehicles.

“We are researching assemblers’ capacity and addressing issues such as power fluctuations, lack of land, raw material shortages, and market inadequacy,” Menalem said. He stated that six assemblers have recently become inactive due to various problems.

In emerging markets, cheaper Chinese electric vehicle options like BYD have surpassed Tesla in production.

The Ministry of Transport & Logistics (MoTL) reported 100,000 EVs in Ethiopia by 2024.

Birhanu Kebede, CEO of Humbd Trading, said the high cost of fuel has boosted EV demand. Last year, Humbd imported 150 EVs, with plans to import 200 this year. The company supplies three EV models, offers 50pc bank loan facilitation, and is Ethiopia’s largest spare parts supplier as a chartered distributor for China’s Yutong Bus.

Brook Aweke, a land transport expert, says that most assemblers rely on semi-knockdown (SKD) assembly, contributing little to value addition. He criticised the lack of partnerships between Ethiopian assemblers and original manufacturers, such as Toyota, which would enable access to spare parts production and technical support.

7,380,000

An undisbursed balance in the US Dollar from external loan commitments as of June 2024, with 77.6pc of this from federal government loans. A large part of these balances is tied to multilateral creditors like IDA (2.64 billion dollars) and Chinese lenders (2.23 billion dollars).

 

“Sit down; solve your problems.”

Kebede Regassa (B. General), commandant of the Ethiopian Defence University, last week urged political leaders of every persuasion to engage in a national dialogue to resolve their differences. Addressing Parliamentarians, he pledged loyalty “to the people and the constitution,” and called for a unified approach to bridge the country’s political divides.

DELIVERING HOPE

A young man sits on an Isuzu truck delivering Ambo carbonated water and Coca Cola soft drinks to clients in the Gotera area. The transport sector, which involves many youth, creates numerous informal job opportunities. The ILO estimates that 31pc of employees are in the service sector. According to 2022 data from the Ethiopian Statistics Service (ESS), youth unemployment rate in urban areas stood at 27.2pc, one of the highest in Africa.

 

BOOKSTORE REVAMP

This long-lived building is a branch of Mega Books, after a recent revamp in line with corridor development projects around Arat Kilo. Established in 2007, Mega Publishing & Distribution has 32 branches including this which has been under renovation for five months. Since its establishment, the company has published and distributed several supplementary educational materials for primary and secondary education, adult reference materials, nonfiction books, and other literary works.

RISKY REALITY

Dangerous practices, including employees working without safety helmets and other necessary precautions, are observed in a building around Kazanchis. Buildings must be designed and constructed to ensure the safety of people, properties, and other structures. The law entails that those who construct buildings in a manner that endangers public safety could face imprisonment of five to ten years and fines ranging from 20,000Br to 50,000Br, according to the building proclamation.

Railway Corp Launches Online Booking, Mandates Fayda ID for Travel

Ethio Djibouti Railway (EDR) SC announced the online booking platform starting in February for public passenger transport services. The EDR also announced that all travel bookings are mandated to provide Fayda, the national ID for booking and traveling.

Takele Uma, CEO of EDR, stated that the company has diversified its business model due to the high demand for national cargo shipment and logistics service.

EDR launched a three-year strategic plan last week aiming to introduce new capabilities, including a freight forwarding operation and a multimodal operation to improve railway efficiency, according to Takele.

Established in April 2017, following a bilateral agreement between Ethiopia and Djibouti, the company commenced passenger and freight transport services in January 2018, with an initial investment of 500 million dollars.

Ethiopost Embraces Space Technology to Revolutionize Mail Delivery

Ethiopost, the national postal service, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Ethiopian Space Science & Geospatial Institute (SSGI) to modernize its delivery services, aiming to integrate advanced mapping and satellite technology into Ethiopost’s logistics framework.

By incorporating updated maps, Ethiopost seeks to improve door-to-door delivery services towards faster and more reliable delivery times.

At the signing ceremony last week, Ethiopost CEO Dagmawi Hailiye stressed the transformative potential of this collaboration, stating that it will modernize postal services and substantially improve Ethiopia’s logistics sector. Established in 1894, Ethiopost recently became a portfolio company of Ethiopian Investment Holdings.

Abdissa Yilma, director general of SSGI, pointed to the national importance of leveraging space technology to drive innovation and infrastructure development. The autonomous federal institute was established in 2022 through the merger of the former Ethiopian Science & Technology Institute (ESSTI) and the Geospatial Information Institute (GII).

Land Allocation Surpasses Target, Parliament Urges Timely Project Completion

The Ministry of Urban & Infrastructure provided over 11,000hct of land through allocation and bidding in regional and city administrations, surpassing the planned 7,000hct, according to the Ministry’s half-year report. Parliament’s Urban Infrastructure & Transport Affairs Standing Committee reviewed the Ministry’s half-year plan performance report, urging the Ministry to ensure construction projects are completed on time and within budget. Minister Chaltu Sani also reported that 16 small towns that previously lacked plans now have them while road infrastructure work was conducted on 175,879km of roads.

Approximately 85,256 illegally held properties were formalized whereas 20,754 houses were built in the first half of the year, exceeding the target of 8,000. Deputy chairperson of the Standing Committee, Eshetu Temesgen (PhD) accentuated the need to organize building standards and codes using modern technology. He also stressed the need for the Ministry to tackle the issue of parking and loading/ unloading areas on corridor development roads in coordination with the relevant authorities.

Ethiopia, Tanzania Power Deal Signed, Kenya to Transmit

A power sales agreement has been inked for 100 megawatts of electricity by Ethiopia to Tanzania, after a three-way negotiation between Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP), the Tanzania Electric Supply Company (TANESCO), and the Kenya Electricity Transmission Company Limited (KETRACO).

The contract, which is based on legal, commercial, and technical considerations, was signed by representatives from each of the three companies and includes a power sales agreement between Ethiopia and Tanzania, and a power transmission line lease agreement between Kenya and Tanzania. The deal was approved by high-level officials in the respective countries and is set to be implemented starting April 2025.

The agreement was signed by Merkneh Yigezu, legal department director of EEP, Godfrey Kariuki, strategy manager at KETRACO, and Renta Ndge, deputy director of planning, research, and investment of TANESCO. The agreement was built on the previous electricity sale agreement and relationship between Ethiopia and Kenya.

Ethiopia currently exports around 200 MW of electricity to Kenya, 100 MW to Sudan, and 66 MW to Djibouti, totalling 366 MW of electric power. The EEP aims to earn around 300 million dollars from electricity exports in the current fiscal year after earning 140 million dollars in the previous year.

Ministry Reports Fuel Market Clean-up, Cement Prices Halved

The Ministry of Trade & Regional Integration reported that 325,000 litres of fuel were removed from the market following government action to address issues in fuel distribution and marketing, including the removal of 250 tankers during the procedure.

In its six-month performance report to Parliament, the Ministry also pointed to cement prices which it claimed have halved. The Ministry addressed issues in the cement market by repealing a problematic directive and implementing a new policy, resulting in a 50pc price decrease from 2,200 Br to 1,100 Br per quintal. The Ministry took the action upon the entering of market of Lemi National Cement with a production capacity of 150,000 quintals per day.

Minister Kassahun Goffe (PhD) also noted that the online business registration and licensing service of MoTRI provided services to over two million users, surpassing the target by 102pc. He further noted the completion of the “Quality Village” project towards improving product quality control and standards as his Ministry’s successes during the period.